Hernia Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

When hernia develops, an internal organ pulls a weak part of the muscle or tissue. Different kinds of hernia are known, including inguinal, umbilical, femoral and hiatal. Here I will describe each type of Hernia.

Inguinal hernia: A tissue, such as a section of intestine, protrudes from a weak place in the abdominal muscles, causing an inguinal hernia. The consequent bulge can be painful, especially when coughing, bending, or lifting a heavy object. Many types of hernias, however, do not usually cause pain.

Femoral hernia: On the top of the inner thigh, fatty tissue or a part of the intestines can be seen in Femoral Hernias. Femoral hernias are far less common than inguinal hernias, and they mostly affect older women.

Umbilical hernia:  Parts of the intestines or fatty tissue press the abdomen around the navel (belly button) in this type of hernia.

Hiatal (hiatus) hernia: A portion of the stomach pushes into the chest cavity through a hole in the diaphragm (the horizontal sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen).

Hernia Causes

Inguinal and femoral hernias are caused by weakening muscles as people become older, as well as recurrent stress on the abdomen and groin, which may have been present since birth. Physical work, obesity, frequent coughing, pregnancy, or constipation can all cause stress on the abdomen and groin.

Adults can develop an umbilical hernia as a result of abdominal stress, being overweight, having a long-term heavy cough, or giving birth to a child.

Hernia Symptoms 

A hernia can cause a visible bulge or lump in the stomach or groin, which can shift inside and out and disappear while sleeping. The lump may reappear after it has been pushed in, if the patient cries, laughs, strains during a bowel movement or physical activity.

Additional symptoms can be: Swelling in the groin or in the scrotum, Pain while lifting heavy weight, Extreme pain on the bulge’s location, The bulge size will increase with time, A dull aching sensation, A sensation of fullness or symptoms of blockage of the intestine.

Hernia Diagnosis

Physical examination can usually detect or feel a bulge in the area where a hernia has developed. To help diagnose them, your doctor will use imaging tests, which includes: abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, MRI scan.

Hernia Treatment

Hernias don’t usually get better on their own, and surgery is the only way to get rid of them. Over time, a hernia may get larger and more painful, or complications may arise. There are three types of surgery: open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery.

Untreated inguinal or femoral hernia may have complications such as: Obstruction, in which the intestine traps in the inguinal canal and causes nausea, vomiting, intestinal pain and sore groin lump. Strangulation in which Part of the intestine is trapped so that its blood flow is reduced. In such cases, an emergency surgery is required to prevent tissue death (within hours of the occurrence).

Hernia Prevention

Maintain a healthy body weight by eating well and exercising to avoid hernia. Consume plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to avoid constipation. When lifting weights or large goods, be sure you’re in the correct shape. If you have a persistent cough or sneezing, see a doctor. Also, don’t smoke.

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